National Consultation for Formative Research on Essential Family and Social Practices Tender

Procurement Summary

Country : Djibouti

Summary : National Consultation for Formative Research on Essential Family and Social Practices

Deadline : 15 Aug 2018

Other Information

Notice Type : Tender

TOT Ref.No.: 25595279

Document Ref. No. :

Competition : ICB

Financier : United Nations Secretariat

Purchaser Ownership : -

Tender Value : Refer Document

Purchaser's Detail

Purchaser : UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND
Villa Gamal A-Shami, Lot#68 - Héron Djibouti Tel: +253-21.31.41.11 / 21.31.12.74 Fax: 21.35.63.46
Djibouti
Email :djibouti@unicef.org
URL :http://www.unicef.org/

Tender Details

Tenders are invited for National Consultation for Formative Research on Essential Family and Social Practices.

1. Background

The Republic of Djibouti is located in East Africa. With a population of 818, 159 [1] and sustained economic growth, the Republic of Djibouti is a middle-income country. UNICEF, in partnership with the Government of Djibouti, has developed a program of cooperation for the period 2018-2022. The various analyzes of the situation carried out have shown an increase in coverage rates of health, nutrition, hygiene and sanitation services at the national level which conceals at the same time deep and persistent disparities.

Maternal mortality rates (383 deaths per 100, 000 live births) [2], infant (58 per 1, 000 live births), infant-juvenile (68 per 1, 000 live births) and neonatal (36 per 1, 000 live births) show a slow and insufficient decline in comparison with Djibouti's economic status and trends in the sub-region. Among the difficulties observed, there is a weakness in the use of services and care having a high impact on these mortality rates, namely preventive and promotional care (vaccination, prenatal consultation, postnatal follow-up, IEP promotion) and care. curative (assisted childbirth, emergency obstetric care, newborn care, treatment of childhood illnesses, detection, malnutrition acute malnutrition treatment, PEP).

Malnutrition is a major public health problem in Djibouti. According to the latest nutrition survey, at least 1 in 3 (29.7%) children in Djibouti suffer from stunting and 1 in 6 (17.8%) suffer from global acute malnutrition. In 2014, only 13.4% of children under 6 months of age had exclusive breastfeeding throughout the country. The majority of parents introduce complementary foods too early or too late compared to the crucial six-month age according to the 2013 SMART survey.

The practice of hygiene, especially washing hands with soap is not systematic and the practice of using soap is not regular at critical moments. According to global studies, handwashing can reduce the incidence of childhood diseases by 45%.

In vaccination, which is one of the most effective means of prevention for child health, vaccine coverage remains acceptable throughout the country, but there is a clear disparity between the capital and the health regions of the country. but also between the urban areas of the health regions and the rural areas which are difficult to access. Only 82.7% [3] of children aged 12 to 23 months were fully immunized.

As for the treatment of diarrhea, 48.1% of mothers of children under 5 years of age know the ORS solution and know how to prepare it [4]; rural mothers are relatively more numerous (61.4%) to prepare them than mothers in urban areas (43.5%).

Neonatal and postnatal care remains precarious in most health facilities and communities, especially in the regions. Awareness of the importance of prenatal and postnatal follow-up is still embryonic, helping to maintain the use of low-level services, which is accentuated by certain cultural and traditional practices with regard to pregnant and lactating women.

On the other hand, some persistent traditional practices continue to reduce the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in many parts of the country and also in urban areas.

With regard to the awakening of the young child, the PAPFAM 2012 survey shows that only 36.6% of the households interviewed engaged in activities promoting learning and school readiness (rhymes, songs, etc.). ).

For Child Protection, the prevalence rate of FGM is declining but still around 78%, with a tendency to opt for the least severe form. Marriage before the age of 18 is a reality for many girls. According to PAPFAM 2012, 3.5% of women were married before the age of 15 and 11.7% before the age of 18.

Based on an analysis of the situation of the child and the woman in Djibouti, and according to the social indicators and the evidences stated, UNICEF prioritized the promotion of 10 Essential Social Practices that fit with the objectives of the programs. Health, Water-Hygiene-Sanitation, Nutrition, Education and Child Protection.

1. Attendance at the Prenatal / Postnatal Consultation

2. Childbirth in an assisted environment

4. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months

5. Supplementary feeding from 6 to 23 months

6. Management of diarrhea at home

7. Wash hands with soap at critical moments

8. Awakening and stimulation of the young child

9. Respect for the physical integrity of the girl (Abandonment of FGM and sexual violence)

10. Positive Discipline (Abandonment of Corporal Punishment and Moral and Verbal Violence)

In late 2017, UNICEF and the Government of Djibouti decided to launch a formative research in the areas of intervention of the PES project (Essential Social Practices) to accelerate the promotion of preventive practices in the areas of health, nutrition, health and nutrition. hygiene and protection

2. Justification

Overall, behind comparatively well-available prevalence data, there is little evidence to explain why people do what they do. We do not know the root causes or the barriers that lead to the observed practices and behaviors. Without this understanding, it is impossible to design effective social change and behavior interventions that go beyond awareness through standard messages. The role of communication is to understand the problems faced by these families, and the solutions they propose, to identify appropriate strategies that will lead to change. To date, there is no document that thoroughly analyzes the determinants of these behaviors and the barriers to adopting more favorable practices.

In order to answer these questions, UNICEF is seeking a national consultant to conduct a targeted qualitative research with an international consultant on the determinants of these essential family and social practices - in particular the socio-anthropological aspects - to analyze the results and produce recommendations for action in the field of communication for social and behavioral change. The results of this research will enable UNICEF and its partners to develop a national strategic communication plan, based on evidence, paying attention to local specificities and culturally appropriate.

3. Objective

The general objective of the research is to identify and analyze the main determinants of behaviors observed in the five pilot areas, both the most widespread and the minority ones, in the different areas of essential practices. More specifically, it will be:

· Identify and analyze the different types of determinants of current behaviors at the individual level (factors that condition attitudes, interests, self-efficacy, etc.), collective (social and social influences, social dynamics, etc.) and structural (access services, information, local rules, etc.) paying attention to social, religious, cultural, and gender characteristics.

· Identify supportive elements and barriers to adoption of essential practices by parents, caretakers of children under 5 and social norms.

· Formulate recommendations and programmatic orientations for the promotion of the Essential Practices retained.

· Have a comprehensive synthesis paper on results and qualitative data analysis.

4. Methodology

It is a qualitative formative research on each theme. The information obtained from the communities is intended to guide decision-making, particularly in terms of planning community interventions aimed at social change and household behavior with regard to PES. The qualitative study will be conducted by an international consultant who will be assisted by a national consultant. The methodology will be elaborated in detail by the international consultant. Open methods should be used to maximize chance and flexibility in discovering real opinions and factors and not constraining responses.

The sample will be established with a non-random stratified method in the five pilot areas. The implementation of the formative research will be done in a few pilot areas while respecting the balance between urban and rural areas, but also taking into account the social representation. The choice of these areas will be made with a view to the diversity of contexts and on the basis of several criteria, including existing local capacities and opportunities in terms of access to basic essential services and community entry points, as well as the opportunities available. improvement of these in the coming years

Focus group participants in this research will be required to form small (8-12) and homogeneous groups with similar socio-economic and cultural backgrounds, and features common to the subject. It will also be necessary to schedule interviews with key informants, such as guards of social norms and positive deviants.

The national consultant will work in close collaboration with an international consultant and will contribute to the adaptation of the research protocol and tools to the local context.

The research protocol should include:

· A literary review on the determinants of behavior in general and the adoption of essential practices in particular - some provided by UNICEF

· A detailed methodology including:

· Research techniques: collection (qualitative and participative) and analysis

· Suggested methods for quality assurance at different stages

· Research tools (similar to those used by MARP approaches)

· Sampling approach of the target population of the research

· · The detailed schedule of the research:

· the development process and the pre-test of the tools to use

· the local human resources training plan

· the plan for collecting and analyzing the results

· The computer programs used

· Consideration of ethical considerations

Please find the Terms of Reference for more information, click on [Untitled] .pdf

9. Remuneration

The remuneration of the c

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